On the development and comparison of automatic weather stations

On the development and comparison of automatic weather stations

As everyone knows, an automatic weather station is a device that can automatically observe and store weather observation data. It consists of a weather sensor, a microcomputer weather data acquisition instrument, a power supply system, a radiation protection hood, an all-weather protective box, a weather observation bracket, and a communication module. It can transmit detection data to the central station regularly without manual intervention.

Do you know the development history of automatic weather stations?

Since the 17th century, the development of meteorological observation services has mainly experienced: ground observation formation stage, high-altitude detection stage, and remote sensing stage. The ground observation business is an important part of the meteorological observation business. The component is the data basis and data source of the fine weather forecast.

During the formation stage of ground observations, the observation data is centralized for local weather forecasting services at fixed time intervals. However, affected by the scope of observation space, types of atmospheric observation elements, data transmission speed, and processing capabilities, it cannot provide accurate and abundant ground meteorological information.

At the end of the 1950s, meteorological observations based on manual observations could only measure a few atmospheric elements such as temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed and direction, and precipitation.

The second-generation weather station, due to the popularization of semiconductor components and pulsed digital circuits, has increased the number of measurement elements. However, it is necessary to collect live data under manual intervention, and the correctness of the data is still mainly checked by manual.

The rise of electronic computers and communication technology has greatly increased the degree of automation of meteorological observation stations. Most of the data collectors used are used in conjunction with the corresponding automatic weather station. When it is necessary to expand the observation function of the automatic weather station and add new meteorological element sensors, it cannot be directly upgraded.

Nowadays, automatic weather stations are developing rapidly, and their functions are becoming more and more perfect. Outdoor weather stations and integrated weather stations are more common. The integrated weather station consists of a sensor and a collector, which can monitor various meteorological parameters such as temperature and humidity, wind speed, wind direction, PM2.5, PM10, CO2, noise, atmospheric pressure, and light intensity. It adopts the standard MODBUS-RTU communication protocol. , It can still automatically observe the weather conditions without being on duty. It combines a variety of environmental elements and equipment, and is easy to install. The longest communication distance of its RS485 signal can reach 2000 meters.

The equipment adopts an integrated design of multiple collection devices, which is small in size, light in weight and more convenient to install.

The structure and weight of the wind speed and direction sensor have been carefully designed and distributed, which can measure the wind direction in an all-round 360 degree, with small moment of inertia and response Sensitive to ensure the accuracy of information collection; sensors that monitor temperature and humidity, PM2.5, PM10, CO2, noise, atmospheric pressure, light intensity and other factors all use high-sensitivity probes, with a wide measurement range, stable signals, and high accuracy , The characteristics of long transmission distance; the noise sensor can adapt to 30~120dBA wide range and 20~12.5KHz wide frequency measurement; because the integrated weather station can monitor the air pressure range between 0~120Kpa, it can be used in various altitudes .

The all-in-one weather station can be directly uploaded to the user's computer through the 485 bus, and it can also be configured to connect to a GPRS concentrator to upload the collected data to the environment through GPRS/4G communication The monitoring cloud platform forms an integrated weather station system.

The system supports mobile phone and computer login. If the data exceeds the limit, the system will alert by platform, SMS, and email. Notify users in a way; the system also has the function of data storage and analysis, and supports users to view, download, and print historical data in a curved manner.

The application scenarios are also very wide.

Nowadays, the function of automatic weather station is very perfect, but with the advancement of science and technology, its development prospects are still people looking forward to!

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